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Panch Kalyanaka (, "Five Auspicious Events") are the five chief auspicious events that occur in the life of tirthankara in Jainism. They are commemorated as part of many Jain rituals and festivals.
The following table states the Kalyanaka Tithis according to the Digambar Jain tradition from the Vira Nirvana Samvat Calendar.
| Magha Krishna 14 |
| Chaitra Shukla 5 |
| Chaitra Shukla 6 |
| Vaishakha Shukla 6 |
| Chaitra Shukla 11 |
| Falguna Krishna 4 |
| Falguna Krishna 7 |
| Falguna Krishna 7 |
| Bhadrapada Shukla 8 |
| Ashvina Shukla 8 |
| Shravana Shukla 15 |
| Bhadrapada Shukla 14 |
| Ashadha Krishna 8 |
| Chaitra Krishna 15 |
| Jyeshtha Shukla 4 |
| Jyeshtha Krishna 14 |
| Vaishakha Shukla 1 |
| Chaitra Krishna 15 |
| Falguna Shukla 5 |
| Falguna Krishna 12 |
| Vaishakha Krishna 14 |
| Ashadha Shukla 7 |
| Shravana Shukla 7 |
| Kartika Krishna 15 |
Note: This list is according to Śvētāmbara tradition and months are according to the Gujarati calendar.
| Posh Vad 13 |
| Chaitra Sud 5 |
| Chaitra Sud 5 |
| Vaisakh Sud 8 |
| Chaitra Sud 9 |
| Chaitra Sud 9 |
| Maha Vad 7 |
| Shravan Vad 7 |
| Bhadarva Sud 9 |
| Chaitra Vad 2 |
| Ashadh Vad 3 |
| Asadh Sud 14 |
| Jeth Vad 7 |
| Chaitra Sud 5 |
| Jeth Sud 5 |
| Vaisakh Vad 13 |
| Chaitra Vad 1 |
| Magsar Sud 10 |
| Fagan Sud 12 |
| Vaisakh Vad 9 |
| Chaitra Vad 10 |
| Ashadh Sud 8 |
| Shravan Sud 7 |
| Asho Vad Amaas |
They are as below:
When a new Jain Temple is erected, these Five Auspicious Life Events are celebrated known as Panch Kalyanaka Pratishtha Mahotsava. It is followed by Anjana Shalaka, a ceremony to install new Tirthankara icon. An Acharya recite mantras related to Panch Kalyanaka followed by applying special paste to eyes of Tirthankara (as per Shwetambar tradition) image . After these an icons of Tirthankara gets a status of real Tirthankara which can be worshipped by Jains. Acharya have to fast for three days before that.
Mahavir Janma Kalyanak marks Janma Kalyanak (birth) of 24th Tirthankara, Mahavira. Abhisheka of icons are done on this day and procession celebrating this event takes place in the cities. It is on 13th day of bright half of Chaitra month of Jain calendar (March/April).
Diwali is a day of Nirvana Kalyanaka of Mahavira. He attained Moksha on this day in 527 BCE. It falls on fifteenth day of dark half of Ashwin (Aaso) month (September/October) which is also a last day of a year.
Pausha Dashmi is celebrated on 10th day of dark half of Pausha (Pushya) month of Hindu calendar(December/January). It marks Janma kalyanaka (birth) of 23rd Tirthankara, Parshvanath. Three days fast is observed by many Jains.
Maun Agiyaras or Ekadashi marks Kalyanaka of many Tirthankaras. It is celebrated on 11th day of Magshar month of Jain calendar (October/November). On this day, complete silence is observed and fasting is kept. Meditation is also performed.
Ashtapad Shikharji Sravasti Ayodhya Sumatinath Kausambi Bhadaini, Varanasi Chandrapuri Kakandi (now Khukhundu, Deoria district) Bhadilpur or Bhadrikapuri Sinhpuri, Varanasi Champapuri (now Bhagalpur) Shikharji Ayodhya Ratnapuri Hastinapur Kunthunath Aranath Mithila Rajgir Mithila Girnar Shikharji Pawapuri
Rituals
Some Jain rituals have close relationship with these five Kalyanakas. Panch Kalyanaka Puja is a ritual solemnizes all five Kalyanaka. It was narrated by Pandit Virvijay. Snatra Puja is a ritual related to Janma Kalyanaka in which icons of Tirthankara are bathed symbolising Indra doing Abhisheka on Tirthankara on Mount Meru after birth of Tirthankara. It performed before many other rituals and before starting of new enterprises, birthdays.
Festivals
Many Jain festivals mark Kalyanaka of Tirthankara especially Janma and Nirvana Kalyanaka.
See also
Citations
Sources
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